Health care issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care issues - Essay Example There are several challenges that the governments around the world are facing, however, financial challenges in the health care sector seem to be of utmost importance. According to a survey conducted on top issues a hospital faced, financial challenges topped the list of 13 challenges that the respondents were asked to rank (American College of Healthcare Executives(ACHE’s)(2011). The survey also took a closer look at the top 3 concerns. Medicare reimbursement and bad debts were major contributors to the financial problem. Another major contributor was increase in cost of staff and supplies. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Health Research Institute, ‘In 2010, the emphasis on cost continues. (PWC, 2010). In a its annual report published in December 2009 the institute stated that managing costs and getting more out of less will be the second most important challenge for the health care industry. Second only to the impact of Health Reforms (PWC, 2010). MEDICARE CHALLENGES Medicare, a health care program taking care of the elderly has been facing problems for quite some time now. The problem has been two-fold: on one side the overall cost of providing health care is going up and on the other hand there is a large number of baby boomers who are going to be eligible for Medicare this year (Levey, 2009).

Liberal Capitalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liberal Capitalism - Assignment Example According to Kovel (pp. 45) the shift in business governs, the trend shifted from the usual state capitalism to liberal capitalism. State capitalism refers to when the market and business environments are dominated by the government. It is also characterised by government business emerging in the market and influencing the market structure. In another scenario, state capitalism is whereby the private owned businesses are having their operations fully controlled by the government (Feenberg, pp.98). Some of the operations controlled by the government include credit allocation and investment ventures. Generally state capitalism can be described as a system where the state influences the economic environment to serve its own interest. On the other hand liberal capitalism refers to the market freedom of citizens. This is where individuals in the market environment are given the freedom to make their own decisions, make their own mistakes and chose their own investors. According to Steele (pp, 134) liberalism tends to oppose any government interference in the corporate environment. It advocates for economic liberty to choices and decisions. However, in some scenarios governments give funds to private business people but it does not give them the liberty to control the business persons. In this paper I will focus on proving that liberal capitalism is better than state capitalism. It will also focus on the advantages liberal capitalism has over state capitalism. Liberal capitalism is usually referred to a system which enables creation of wealth. In this case, wealth refers to private property with sole decisions making regarding the wealth. Prior to the establishment of liberal capitalism, many people in the economic environment used to make wealth, but in this case the government was the beneficiary. The government enjoyed and exploited the effort invested in the economic front. All individuals with companies were heavily taxed and had decisions made by the government . The government chose their investors and who to transact business with. This hindered most people from being successful (Kovel, pp.76). Their wealth was a crumb of the cake the government was getting. However, this tendency has taken a major shift. In the modern business environment, entrepreneurs are given the liberty to make wealth and to control their wealth in the corporate environment. The only government interference is based on the taxation basis. This has enabled private owned companies to rise to the limits of the state owned companies. For example, Electronics giant Hauwei has evidence of the growth in private owned companies. Private owned companies have been able to reach the standards of state owned organisation, a trend that has been promoted by liberal capitalism (Feenberg, pp.19). Liberal capitalism stops the government interference and manipulation in the business ventures. For instance, in Bulgaria a business person had to acquire seventeen business permits so th at he could start a business. Bulgarian prime minister was shocked by the events and ordered simplified mode of acquiring business permits (Kovel, pp.213). After the simplified business permit procedure was implemented, many investors and entrepreneurs ventured into the Bulgarian market. This not only promotes local entrepreneurship but also gives back to the growth of economy. In modern day business environm

A Reading and Referencing exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Reading and Referencing exercise - Essay Example The article uses British birth cohort panel data to generate an understanding of how education and level of qualifications have an impact on earnings of the person in the long run (Blundell et al., 2000).   The article, â€Å"learning styles and academic outcome: The validity and utility of Vermunt’s inventory of learning styles in British Higher education setting† is written by Dr. Elizabeth A. Boyle, Tim Duffy and Karen Dunleavy. The study was conducted in British University and provided examination of how Vermunt’s integrated model of learning provides varied academic results as they are based on the different learning styles (Boyle et al., 2003). Binsardi and Ekwulugo have written an article, â€Å"International marketing of British education: research on the students’ perception and the UK market penetration†. The article talks about education in UK and perception of international students about it. Moreover, it provides analysis of UK perfor mance in the market with respect to their education system (Binsardi & Ekwulugo, 2003).   An article by Philip Brown, â€Å"The third wave†: education and the ideology of parentocracy â€Å" talks about the different eras of schooling and education system and how children have shifted their priorities based on abilities and efforts to their parents’ wishes and consent resulting from ‘ideology of parentocracy’ (Brown, 1990). The last article relevant to the module is, â€Å"Testing the Relationship between Education and Political Participation using the 1970 British Cohort. â€Å"Mikael Persson writes the article, and it talks about education system of British Institutes and its effect on political participation. The data is extracted from British cohort study showing how the education system has evolved and how individual’s cognitive ability is being used. However, the study concludes that

Law Case Study - B Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law - B - Case Study Example First, the defendant, ABC Go-Kart, owes everyone that enters the premise guarantee for their safety especially when using their equipment and cars for racing. In this particular case, the defendant’s employee fails to inspect the brakes which results in the failure of the breaks of Obama. As such an accident occurs and Robinson dies from it. Consequently, the defendant owes the plaintiff, a duty of care since it was expected that by the nature of the races that take place in the area, the waiting area should have been shielded from the tracks; thus, no wheels could fly and ram into those in the waiting area. Therefore, based on these incidences, I find that the defendant breached the duty of care by failing to exercise reasonable care in ensuring that the wheels of the cars for racing are properly fitted and the braking system is working. Consequently, they failed to show reasonable care in that the waiting area was left open when the same, according to Pennsylvania law, ought to have been covered so people would not get hurt from such incidences. Therefore, a cause in fact may be determined on these two grounds in that had it not been for the defendant’s negligent actions, the injury through death would have not occurred to the plaintiff. In considering the proximate cause for this incident, it is evident that ABC Go-Kart as the defendant would have foreseen such the scope of such an occurrence and taken adequate responsibility to prevent it. For instance, had they paid the mechanic well, he would have performed his duty accordingly and the brakes of Obama would have not failed. As a result, the plaintiff can seek for damages for such actions of negligence. The death of Professor Robinson in itself is a legal ground for which negligence can be proved hence, damages sought for. Failure of the defendant to exercise care

Business Partner Model Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Partner Model - Coursework Example A distinction can be made between â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† approaches to HRM, in which the organization may adopt â€Å"hard† approach, whereby employees can be perceived as a resource to be managed just like other factors of production. Conversely, organizations may place an emphasis on a â€Å"soft† approach to HRM in which employees comes out as a valuable asset, whose contribution plays a critical role in the attainment of organization success. The paper explores the efficacy of business partner model in addressing the changes and improvements necessitated by investing in â€Å"human capital.† HR business partnering represents the process in which HR professionals closely work with business leaders or line managers with the intention of attaining shared organizational objectives, primarily with the motive of designing and implementing HR systems and processes that propel strategic business aims (Caldwell 2010, p.49). In the HR business partne r model, the human resource departments play a critical role in strategic planning, especially in attainment of present and future objectives (Ian 2006, p.33). The model does not only concentrate on HR duties such as payroll, benefits, and employee relations, but also add value to the company by directing recruiting, advancement, training, and placement of new and current employees (Lambert 2009, p.7). Business partnering seeks to encourage line managers at diverse levels to take responsibility in managing HR team. Business partner model seeks to enhance the effectiveness of HR and minimize its costs. The ultimate aim of business partnering centers of aligning people strategy more closely with what the business requires. The engagement in training and development can be undertaken with full knowledge of the inner workings of the business (Dowling, Festing, and Engle 2008, p.4). Hence, the strategic orientation that business partner model heralds allows organizations to attain the mo st productive outcome. Some of the key issues encountered in the implementation of business partnering entail absence of clarity regarding the HR’s role, and the lack of a consistent business strategy within which HR can work. HR may be marginalized from real decision making, and the influence of business partnering may differ. Some of the inherent conflicts within the model derive from the fact that the performance of one role may conflict with competing demands yielding to potential role-overload (Ian 2006, p.34). Other possible conflicts emanates from incomplete performance criteria in undertaking a single role, such as being strategic while at the same time responding to line manager’s tactical issues (Lambert 2009, p.8). The implementation of business partner model can herald enhancements on the organization’s bottom line and productivity. The implementation of business partnering can lead to sustained revenue growth, profit growth and cost reduction, and i mproved customer royalty and retention. This hinges on the capability to work smarter (business partnering

Scope of nursing Essay Example for Free

Scope of nursing Essay Expanding o r E panding your Scope of N rsing Nursing Practice – a practical g p guide Leanne Boase Deborah Pedron The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Scope of Nursing and p g Midwifery Practice What is it? Why Wh is it so important? Why is everyone y y talking about it? Who manages it? Who is responsible? The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Aims of this Presentation 1. To define what Scope of Practice means for Nurses and Midwives Midwives. 2. To present different concepts around Scope of p p p Practice 3. T 3 To report on findings of a small survey of t fi di f ll f nurses and Scope of Practice 4. To discuss expanding Scope of Practice and provide a framework 5. To relate these concepts to ‘real life’ nursing roles. o es. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre According to our nurses, Scope Of Practice P ti (SOP) is: i SO SOP is Guidelines G and Frameworks we need to abide and work within SOP relates to what I am allowed and not allowed to do within my profession SOP relates to codes of conduct, ethics and professional conduct SOP relates to what a nurse can do within their skill base Area of tasks, procedures and actions a nurse can legally and safely undertake according to their training and education The scope of which p my role as a RN, specialist or credentialed DNE can work within Maintaining knowledge base and competency through constant learning and professional development The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Something which I am taught, qualified, taught qualified or competent to do Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre What is Scope of Practice? p â€Å"That which Nurses and â€Å"the range of roles, functions, functions responsibilities activities, which a registered nurse or a registered midwife is educated, competent, and has the authority to perform † perform. (An Bord Altranais p1) Midwives are educated, competent and authorised to perform. † (QNC p3) Scope of p p practice is not defined in many places. We should define nursing practice and outline principles to assist with the expansion of one’s scope p p of practice And/ Or Require the health professional to identify restricted activities. ( (DEST) ) The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service â€Å"What health care workers actually do in the course of their employment which encompasses the full range of nursing activities. † An individuals scope refers to â€Å"the activities which that nurse is educated and authorised to perform. † (NSWNA p1) â€Å"A professions scope of practice is the full spectrum of roles, functions, responsibilities, activities and decision-making capacity which i di id l within th profession are it hi h individuals ithi the f i educated, competent and authorised to perform†. â€Å"The scope of practice of an individual nurse or midwife may be more specifically defined than the scope of practice of their profession. † ti f th i f i † (ANMC 2007 p2;23) Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre What is Scope of Practice? p †¢ Our definition: Full range of activities that we (nurses and midwives) have been educated, deemed competent, and are authorised to do. It is t t d th i d t d i not just a list of activities and j tasks, or a role description. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre What Evidence supports your SOP? †¢ From our nurses: – Continuing Professional Development (CPD) – Number of hours per week working – Certificates registration Certificates, – Reflection – Document everything y g †¢ From the literature: – Maintaining records of:  » Reviewing journal articles  » In service education In-service  » Conferences  » Informal or formal discussions  » Accredited educational programs The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Who determines Scope Of Practice? p Is it the clinician the employer, the profession, the clinician, employer profession client, the registering body, the area of practice or specialty, the legislation, codes of conduct IT IS ALL OF THESE!! The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Who determines Scope Of Practice? p From the literature, there are several common themes: The primary determinant of scope of practice for all nurses and midwives is the enhancement of outcomes d id i i th h t f t for patients, and meeting consumer needs. Nurses and Midwives are responsible for their own decisions around scope of practice There are many factors that influence and contribute to scope of practice (Nurses Board Western Australia, Nurses Board of Victoria, Australian Nursing Federation, Ohio Nurses Board, Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council) The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Who determines Scope Of Practice? p Employers, Employers Organisations ; their Policies Patient ; Consumer Needs ; Outcomes O t Professional Bodies SOP Individual Scope of Practice Nurse Or Midwife – You! Regulatory Authorities The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Law Craigieburn Health Service Professional P f i l Scope of Practice Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Why do we need to expand SOP? Nursing d Mid if N i and Midwifery experience and knowledge are i dk l d invaluable resources. It is natural for a Nurse or Midwife to evolve from being a novice, to an expert, and even further towards expanding their scope of p p g p practice, as they y continually learn and adapt to the needs of their clients Again, i A i primarily, expanding scope of practice must il di f ti t be driven by the need to provide improved outcomes and meet the needs of consumers. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Why do we need to expand SOP? The Health Care Landscape is changing! y Think about the shift to community based and outpatient care, higher acuity patients, technological advances, etc. advances etc The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Why do we need to expand SOP? Nursing and Midwifery evolves along with the i d id if l l ih h health care sector. Nurses and Midwives are: †¢ Participating more and more in evaluation, g patient care assessment and decision making in p †¢ Professional – educated, competent, authorised and registered †¢ Participating in the growth and evolution th d l ti of health care The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p †¢ How our nurses and midwives have d id i h maintained/expanded theirs: – Conferences/workshops/courses – Self-directed learning i. e. research on-line, journal g ,j reading – In-service education †¢ How they plan to expand in the future: – As above – Presenting in-services in area of expertise The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p The key concepts for Expanding Scope of Practice found in the literature include: 1. The primary motivation of any expansion to scope of practice is to meet needs of the client or improve outcomes and access 2. The competency or task must be well defined and understood 3. Any expansion must enhance the existing aspects of professional practice 4. The expansion to scope is lawful, appropriate for the context, consistent with relevant standards, acceptable to the profession, consistent with the relevant profession organisations’ policies and consultation and planning has occurred. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p Key concepts of Expanding Scope of Practice – continued: 5. The registered nurse/midwife expanding their practice is already practising at an advanced level and has the education p p , p p and competence to perform the task, and is prepared to be accountable. They have been assessed by a competent health professional. 6. Nurses and midwives are accountable for making professional 6 N d id i t bl f ki f i l judgements when an activity is beyond their capacity and to initiate consultation/referral 7. Nursing and midwifery decisions are best made in a collaborative context, with ongoing risk assessment, planning, planning evaluation and support Always discuss expanding your scope with your peers, employers, professional organisations and your registering body. d i i b d The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p There should be no artificial barriers to Scope Of Practice or expanding SOP such as: †¢ Ambiguous or inconsistent policy †¢ Overly specific or restrictive policy †¢ Inconsistent guidelines and frameworks eg. differences between States and regions †¢ Turf wars or uninformed attitudes The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p When developing policy and planning for expansion consider: †¢ Permissive versus restrictive approaches – do you want to specifically restrict practice, or allow expansion to proceed within the broader guidelines? †¢ Profession versus client focussed approaches – it is best to be responsive to the needs of the client – ‘nurses will do what nurses needs to be done, providing he or she is competent to do it’. †¢ Competency standards should recognise the characteristics of nursing as well as the broader attributes or potential and i ll h b d ib i l d evolving roles. †¢ Overarching or broad statements are more effective than detailed or overly-specific statements when defining or expanding scope of practice. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre SOP Expansion Framework Self-inquiry Define the task or activity you wish to add to your role, then ask: Is it legal? No STOP No Yes STOP Am I covered by Hospital Policy? Yes Yes Am I competent? Do I have relevant knowledge and confidence? Yes Am I willing to accept . accountability? Yes PROCEED The Northern Hospital Do you need to develop policy in line with the evidence base? Will this improves outcomes for the patient/consumer and will it improve access to services? Panch Health Service No STOP No STOP Can you access relevant education, education are you willing? NO STOP Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Key Take Home Messages y g †¢ This is relevant to all nurses and midwives. †¢ Not one single factor determines Scope Of Practice. †¢ Scope o p act ce should be shaped to benefit the of practice s ou d s aped be e t t e patient, and improve outcomes, as should any expansions to SOP. †¢ Governance of SOP is complex, but is essentially the responsibility of the nurse or midwife . †¢ Use this frame ork and information in conj nction framework conjunction with NMBA/AHPRA guidelines, relevant State or Federal Legislation, and your g , y employing organisation and it’s policies. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Questions The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre

Why School Should Start Later Essay Example for Free

Why School Should Start Later Essay Dont you hate waking up early in the morning? During the school year, students wake up early to get ready for school. In my opinion, its not practical for students to begin classes before 8:00 AM. I feel that schools should start an hour later, resulting in better attendances, grades and attitudes. Its a proven fact that teenagers need between 8 ? and 9 hours of sleep each night. Its also a proven fact that only 15 % of teenagers get the sleep that they need. Can you believe that more than 25 % of teenagers sleep less than seven hours a night? Are you one of those teenagers? Well, part of the reason why this is happening is because school starts so early in the morning. If school hours were changed, teenagers would be much healthier and feel better. If school started later, teenagers will have a longer time to sleep and time to prepare for school. A later start would mean that students would not be late to school as often as they have more time to wake up and get ready for school. The concentration levels of the students would increase as they have had the chance to prepare themselves for the day ahead. If concentration is improved then the rise in grades will increase. It will be more productive for schools and it would also give teachers more time to prepare for classes and the day ahead before the students arrive. Furthermore, school officials are always complaining that so many of their students are constantly tardy to school. They even have a policy in our school that states, if you are tardy five times to a certain class you have to stay an hour after school sitting in detention. Out of the many reasons students receive an office detention for being tardy; its usually due to their first period class. They dont get to school on time because they oversleep, so if these school officials dont like students being tardy, why dont they consider having school start later? Additionally, the first two periods seem like a waste. Students arent learning to their full potential, and as a result arent getting the grades they are capable of. Over 20 % of all high school students fall asleep in school at one time or another. Its hard to learn while youre sleeping. Also, part of the reason why students dont get enough sleep is because they are up late studying. You cant expect students to come home from school, study, eat dinner, do their homework and then go to bed right away. Teenagers need to watch TV, talk to their friends, and run errands after school. We arent machines; we need fun in our lives. With an extra hour of sleep, we will be refreshed and ready to learn for our first couple of classes. While many people say that if schools started an hour later, kids would just be staying up longer and goofing off, theyre wrong. Having that extra hour, students could have time to relax and wouldnt feel as rushed to do everything they have to do. So whats the problem? There is none. School officials need to stop making excuses against this. In a nutshell, I believe all schools including ours should adopt this schedule of beginning the school day an hour later. With an extra hour of sleep, students would have better attendance, better grades, and a better attitude towards school. What is the use of trying to teach kids that cant learn? Sending kids to school before they have had ample time to wake up will only result in them not learning to their full potential.